By Professor Dr. Vsevolod F. Kiselev, Professor Dr. Oleg V. Krylov (auth.)
This booklet offers with adsorption and catalysis at the floor of transition components and their compounds, a lot of that are in teresting due to their specific digital constitution. The authors have labored via an unlimited physique of experimental evi dence at the constitution and homes of surfaces of transition metals and appropriate oxides. attention is given in general to basic (as against combined) oxides of transition components, to universal metals and to the adsorption of straightforward gases. loads of recognition is paid to the character of lively floor websites liable for chemisorption and catalytic variations. the outline is predicated in most cases at the simplified ligand-field concept, which, despite the fact that, proves really passable for predicting the adsorptive and catalytic task of species. in lots of situations easy structures have been explored by way of novel suggestions, and it's only for such structures that the mechanism of the ele mentary act of adsorption and catalysis could be given enough therapy. the current monograph has emerged from our previous paintings in Russian, which seemed within the Khimiya Publishing apartment (Mos cow) in 1981. This English variation has, besides the fact that, been revised thoroughly to increase its scope and to incorporate more moderen a chievements. For fruitful discussions the authors are thankful to A.A.
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The Surfaces of Transition-Metal Oxides The starting point of our discussion of adsorption and catalysis on transition metals will be the surface of transitionmetal oxides. This is because these surfaces are more convenient for studying the principal features of active sites than the transition metals themselves. In the case of oxides, the interaction between the transition-metal atom and oxygen is essentially similar to the interaction between the central atom and the ligands in complexes. 5. Here we shall first consider dilute oxide systems, and then deal with ordinary nondilute systems.
11), the probability is greater, the longer the wavelength, that is, the softer the radiation. The investigations of surface phenomena employed the nuclei (absorbers) 51Fe, 119Sn , 121Sb, 125Te, and 151Eu. The use of this technique is restricted by its sensitivity: one has to choose systems with highly developed surfaces (hundreds of square meters per gram). , 51co), which serve as a source of resonant gamma radiation. 11), the MBssbauer effect can be used for studying the movement of atoms on the solid surface.
In LEED a beam of electrons with an energy of 20-200 eV is directed onto the surface. The diffraction pattern created by elastically scattered electrons is made visible on a fluorescent screen. As indicated above, the electrons having energy of about 100 eV come mostly from the surface layer, and so the diffraction pattern reflects the structure of the crystalline surface. 35,38-43]. 43-45]. A theoretical analysis indicates that the meansquare amplitude
