By E Richard Booser; American Society of Lubrication Engineers
Content material: quantity II: Friction, put on and Lubrication concept form of Surfaces houses of Surfaces Friction Boundary Lubrication Hydrodynamic Lubrication Numerical equipment in Hydrodynamic Lubrication Hydrostatic Lubrication Squeeze movies and Bearing Dynamics Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication steel put on put on of Nonmetallic fabrics put on Coefficients Lubricated put on Lubricants and Their program Liquid Lubricants Lubricating Greases features and choice sturdy Lubricants houses of Gases Lubricating Oil ingredients steel Processing: Deformation steel elimination slicing Fluids slicing Fluids - Microbial motion Lubricant program tools Circulating Oil platforms layout ideas magazine and Thrust Bearings Sliding Bearing fabrics cutting Bearing harm Rolling aspect Bearings Gears Mechanical Shaft Couplings Dynanic Seals put on Resistant Coatings and floor remedies structures research Index
Read Online or Download Handbook of lubrication : (theory and practice of tribology). Vol. 2, Theory & design PDF
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Extra info for Handbook of lubrication : (theory and practice of tribology). Vol. 2, Theory & design
Example text
Strain gages attached to vertical flexible section 3 measure friction force by bending of the beam. Designs incorporating the principle of Figure 3 are usually favored in complex, automatically controlled machinery. The chief disadvantages of this design are (1) the skill required both to calibrate the instrument and to maintain it, and (2) the inevitable interaction or “cross talk” between the two force-measuring signals. A more complex system which requires less skill to operate is shown in Figure 4.
The first arises from the strains within each of the solid bodies in the region of contact. During rolling a point in each body passes through complex strain cycles; since energy is lost during a cycle of strain in all materials, energy must be supplied to sustain rolling. The second reason for rolling friction is due to differences in distortion of the contacting bodies. This can be seen by pressing the eraser of a pencil into the palm of the hand. During indentation the skin of the hand stretches, in the contact region as well as outside of it, more than the eraser increases in size.
To prevent movement, high normal forces must be used and the system is designed to impose a high but safe, normal (clamping) force. In some instances, pins, keys, surface steps, and other means are used to guarantee minimal motion. In the above examples, the application of a (friction) force frequently produces microscopic slip. Since contacting asperities are of varying heights on the original surfaces, contact pressures within clamped regions may vary. Thus, the local resistance to sliding varies and some asperities will slip when low values of friction force are applied.
