By Julian Jackson
In Paris in 1954, a tender guy named André Baudry based Arcadie, a company for “homophiles” that might develop into the most important of its variety that has ever existed in France, lasting approximately thirty years. as well as appearing because the in simple terms public voice for French gays ahead of the explosion of radicalism of 1968, Arcadie—with its membership and review—was a social and highbrow hub, attracting aid from members as various as Jean Cocteau and Michel Foucault and supplying help and cohesion to millions of remoted members. but regardless of its large significance, Arcadie has mostly disappeared from the ancient record.
The major reason for this forget, Julian Jackson explains in Living in Arcadia, is that in the post-Stonewall period of queer activism, Baudry’s association fell into disfavor, brushed off as conservative, conformist, and closeted. via vast archival examine and diverse interviews with the reclusive Baudry, Jackson demanding situations this reductive view, uncovering Arcadie’s pioneering efforts to coach the ecu public approximately homosexuality in an period of renewed repression. during bearing on this soaking up background, Jackson deals a startlingly unique account of the background of homosexuality in glossy France.
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Additional info for Living in Arcadia: Homosexuality, Politics, and Morality in France from the Liberation to AIDS
Sample text
These doctors were not of course liberal sex reformers: Krafft-Ebing, although signing Hirschfeld’s petition, did identify homosexuality with degeneration. But it is striking how his attitude toward homosexuality became more nuanced as he collected more case studies for successive editions of his Psychopathia sexualis. 29 First, homosexuality was not illegal, and, as we have seen, many believed that the law was too liberal. Second, French elites were increasingly preoccupied with the physical degeneration of the “race”—especially the fear of alcoholism, syphilis, and TB.
The new amendment outlawed all same-sex acts—by men or women—committed by individuals under the age of twenty-one (while heterosexual sex remained legal for those over age thirteen). This law had nothing to do with the Germans. In occupied Europe, 38 chapter 2 the Nazis were inconsistent in their treatment of homosexuality. 3 In France, only in the de-facto annexed region of Alsace and the Moselle did the occupiers apply paragraph 175, using lists supplied by the French police. We know the names of 207 individuals interned in the Natzweiler-Struthof and Schrimeck concentration camps.
57 But these descriptions need to be qualified. Just as students of women’s history have shown how this supposed era of increased sexual freedom in fact engendered acute masculine anxieties,58 similarly behind the chrome and bright lights of the 1920s the années folles were more ambiguous for homosexuals than they at first seem. 59 Also popular 32 chapter 1 was the tiny Rue de Lappe near the Bastille, a street of dance halls (bals musettes) frequented by homosexual men in search of available working-class youths.
