The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society by Norbert Wiener PDF

By Norbert Wiener

Only a number of books stand as landmarks in social and clinical upheaval. Norbert Wiener's vintage is one in that small corporation. founding father of the technological know-how of cybernetics—the examine of the connection among pcs and the human fearful system—Wiener used to be broadly misunderstood as one that encouraged the automation of human lifestyles. As this ebook unearths, his imaginative and prescient was once even more complicated and fascinating. He was hoping that machines might liberate humans from relentless and repetitive drudgery so one can in attaining extra artistic goals. even as he learned the chance of dehumanizing and displacement. His publication examines the consequences of cybernetics for schooling, legislations, language, technological know-how, know-how, as he anticipates the big impact—in impression, a 3rd commercial revolution—that the pc has had on our lives.

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Let us hope that it is still possible to reverse the tide of the moment and to create a future America in which man can live and can grow to be a human being in the fullest and richest sense of the word. PREFACE THE IDEA OF A CONTINGENT UNNERSE The beginning of the twentieth century marked more than the end of one hundred-year period and the start of another. There was a real change of point of view even before we made the political transition from the century on the whole dominated by peace, to the half century of war through which we have just been living.

Here I want to interject the semantic point that such words as life, purpose, and soul are grossly inadequate to prec�se scientific thinking. These terms have gained their significance through our recognition of the unity of a certain group of phenomena, and do not in fact furnish us with any adequate basis to characterize this unity. Whenever we find a new phenomenon which partakes to some degree of the nature of those which we have already termed "living phenomena," but does not conform to all the associated aspects which define the term "life," we are faced with the problem whether to enlarge the word "life" so as to include them, or to deline it 'in a more restrictive way so as to exclude them.

There are local and temporary islands of decreasing entropy in a world in which the entropy as a whole tends to increase, and the existence of these is­ lands enables some of us to assert the existence of prog­ ress. What can we say about the general direction of CYBERNETICS AND SOCIETY 37 the battle between progress and increasing entropy in the world immediately about us? The Enlightenment, as we all know, fostered the idea of progress, even though there were among the men of the eighteenth century some who felt that this progress was subject to a law of diminishing returns, and that the Golden Age of society would not differ very much from what they saw about them.

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