By by Christopher C. Politt
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Additional resources for Equine laminitis: Current Concepts
Sample text
Type IV collagen immunostain. Bars = 100 µm. 4 Lamellar blood vessels Laminitis also affects the anatomy of lamellar capillaries. As the BM and the connective tissue between the SELs disappears so do the capillaries; they become obliterated, compressed against the edges of the primary dermal lamellae. Without capillaries in the lamellar circulation, blood bypasses the capillary bed through dilated arteriovenous shunts, and dramatically changes the nature of the foot circulation. A bounding pulse is detectable by finger palpation of the digital arteries.
However promising results have been obtained after the administration of pergolide mesylate (Permax), a drug registered for human use. Doses in the range of 1-2 mg/horse/day have been recommended. The drug mechanism is to reduce production, in the pituitary gland, of the hormone (ACTH) that controls cortisol production in the adrenal gland. With cortisol under control, insulin responsiveness in hoof lamellae returns and the laminitis stabilises. After treatment with Pergolide, the ACTH concentration of ECD horses decreases within one week (Walsh et al.
A factor present in the supernatant of cultures of Streptococcus bovis isolated from the equine caecum activates equine hoof MMP-2 and causes lamellar separation. During grain overload S. bovis is the principal microorganism responsible for the rapid fermentation of carbohydrate to lactic acid in the equine hindgut. In the presence of virtually unlimited substrate, its population explodes exponentially. We are currently investigating the role of the S. bovis MMP activator in natural cases of equine laminitis.
