Evolving Health: The Origins of Illness and How the Modern - download pdf or read online

By Noel T. Boaz

Human health problems could be understood as harm to these variations that we took on at a variety of levels in our evolution from pre-life molecules to trendy Homo sapiens. fighting those health problems involves fending off what explanations the damage–– which too usually are the standard dangers of twenty-first-century existence, because the chart under indicates:

Level of Evolution

Cause of adaptive failure

resulting sickness or challenge

Pre-life

Environmental poisons

Certain start defects

Single cellphone (bacteria and amoeba-like)

Viral an infection

Colds/flu/HIV

Morula (sponge-like)

Cellular pressure

Cancer

Chordate

Physical rigidity

Back ache

Fish

Excess nutritional salt

Hypertension/heart affliction

Amphibian

Tobacco smoke

Lung cancer/emphysema

Lower primate

Excess nutritional sugar

Diabetes mellitus

Higher primate

Vitamin C deficiency

Scurvy

Ape

Excess nutritional protein

Gout

Homo sapiens

Reduced nutritional type

Nutritionaldiseases/food asthma

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Additional resources for Evolving Health: The Origins of Illness and How the Modern World is Making Us Sick

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3 Stage 0 is the ground state of matter in the universe and thus is pre-existing to either organic life in general or our own individual life. 4 Embryogenesis in eukaryotes does not recapitulate a prokaryote stage of cellular organization, although the stage of fertilization of the ovum by the sperm in which two pronuclei begin fusion and lack a single nuclear membrane may be homologous to a brief prokaryotelike phase of eukaryotic development. However, sex cells (eggs and sperms) are alive before conception and will stay alive after death–recombined in offspring–so they are, in a sense, “immortal” and part of our continuous connection to the rest of life on earth.

Level 17 is by far the shortest, temporally speaking, and the only level less than a million years in length. qxp 02/11/02 10:04 Page 39 How Our Health Evolved 39 medical procedures, antibiotics, anesthetics, and preventive medicine. Human beings now have the longest life expectancy of any time in our evolutionary history because ancient causes of death and morbidity—trauma, parasites, and infectious diseases—have been drastically reduced. Unlike the preceding evolutionary levels, Level 17 is also open-ended, subject to continuing evolution and change.

More than two young offspring just cannot be fed by primates in the natural state. After birth, primate parents within a social group expend tremendous energy protecting and feeding their young. qxp 02/11/02 10:05 Page 46 46 Evolving Health Humans and the anthropoid primates have extended the infant care theme into the womb. The nutrition that a human fetus receives via its mother’s circulation is much richer than that of other mammals. The energy-rich sugar glucose is the primary food molecule, but many other substances of nutritive, immunological, and hormonal importance in the mother’s body cross over to the fetus as well.

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