Meningitis: cellular and molecular basis by Myron Christodoulides PDF

By Myron Christodoulides

This e-book describes the anatomy of the meninges and the scientific signs of meningitis because of bacterial (mostly), viral, and fungal pathogens. person organisms that reason meningitis all over the world are handled in particular chapters, describing intimately how those pathogens have interaction with the human host at either molecular and mobile degrees. It offers a radical knowing of bacterial virulence components, adhesion and invasion mechanisms, the character of identified host mobilephone receptors and the host telephone reaction. to be had In Print

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1993). 4 Fluid Compartments of the CNS There are four major fluid compartments in the CNS: (i) blood; (ii) CSF, (iii) interstitial (extracellular) fluid; and (iv) intracellular fluid. This chapter concentrates mainly on (i), (ii) and (iii) and the interrelations between these three fluids. For intracellular fluid, levels are largely regulated by sodium and potassium ATPase pumps and by voltageand ligand-gated channels. Intracellular (cytotoxic) oedema develops when there is energy depletion, failure of the ATPase pumps and the entry of sodium into cells with the outflow of potassium.

Solutes are actively transported through the endothelium into the extracellular space of the CNS. Capillaries are closely invested by astrocyte processes and pericytes; both play a role in the BBB. Capillary endothelial cells are invested by the basement membrane (BM) and this is the beginning of the pathway for the drainage of interstitial fluid out of the CNS. (B) BBB for inflammatory cells. Diagram showing a venule within the brain. Lymphocytes with specific integrins on their surface attach to receptors on the venular endothelium [1] and then pass through the endothelium [2] into the perivenular space [3] from where they pierce the perivascular astrocyte basement membrane and pass into the brain parenchyma [4].

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 17, 391–405. , Song, L. S. (2005) Where is the blood–brain barrier ... really? Journal of Neuroscience Research 79, 421–427. O. E. (2000) Interactions of Neisseria meningitidis with cells of the human meninges. Molecular Microbiology 36, 817–829. A. O. (2011) Perivascular drainage of solutes is impaired in the ageing mouse brain and in the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Acta Neuropathologica 121, 431–443. Hutchings, M. O. (1986) Anatomical relationships of the pia mater to cerebral blood Anatomy of the Meninges vessels in man.

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