By Johan van der Auwera, Pierre Busuttil, Raphael Salkie
This quantity offers strongly empirical, corpus-based reviews of various English modal auxiliaries and modal structures in particular makes use of. It additionally methods the various vintage matters within the box of modality from new views, particularly that of the ??;Theory of Enunciative Operations?? constructed by means of the French linguist Antoine Culioli and his colleagues.
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Additional info for Modality in English: Theory and Description
Example text
Thus if John is in London now, the tensed proposition John is in London is true not only of the narrow S-world but also of the extended S-world. ) A t-world of any of these three types comprises only actualizations that are factual (at the relevant time). Thus, the (actualization of the) situation referred to by John is ill, If only John was ill! and John is perhaps ill is each time represented as factual in a given S-world, but that S-world is, respectively, the objective S-world, a counterfactual S-world (= a subjective S-world which is conceived of by the speaker as being incompatible with the objective S-world) and a hypothetical S-world (which in this case is an open-possibility S-world conceived of by the speaker).
In It’s a good thing/It’s surprising that… – that the modal judgment is primarily expressed. The modal should expresses it redundantly in the subordinate clause, as the result of a sort of metonymic transfer which is somewhat similar to the phenomenon traditionally called tense concord. Counterfactual modalization is a type of a posteriori modalization in which the “known” situation is not directly the object of the modal judgment. ” (The existence of this situation is presupposed; it is of course known to the speaker, but not necessarily to the hearer.
The reason why, in (3c), we use the conditional tense (and not the past tense, as in [3a–b]) is that, after I wish, the past tense is reserved for the expression of S-counterfactuality: (4) I wish I had a son. e. in the past or future) are the same as those used in connection with S-worlds: (5a) It was (high) time we changed the code. (5b) I wished it would stop raining. (5c) [When we return from our holiday] it will be (high) time we changed the code. (5d) Before the end of the day you will wish that it would stop raining.
