Download e-book for iPad: Plastics from Bacteria: Natural Functions and Applications by Guo-Qiang Chen (auth.), George Guo-Qiang Chen (eds.)

By Guo-Qiang Chen (auth.), George Guo-Qiang Chen (eds.)

Due to the prospect that petroleum provides should be exhausted within the subsequent a long time to come back, progressively more cognizance has been paid to the creation of bacterial pl- tics together with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), biopolyethylene (PE), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), and poly(p-phenylene) (PPP). those are well-studied polymers containing at the very least one monomer synthesized through bacterial transformation. between them, PHA, PLA and PBS are renowned for his or her biodegradability, while PE, PTT and PPP are most likely much less biodegradable or are much less studied by way of their biodegradability. over the last years, their houses and appli- tions were studied intimately and items were built. actual and chemical alterations to lessen their rate or to enhance their houses were performed. PHA is the single biopolyester kin thoroughly synthesized through organic capacity. they've been investigated by means of microbiologists, molecular biologists, b- chemists, chemical engineers, chemists, polymer specialists, and clinical researchers for a few years. PHA purposes as bioplastics, positive chemical substances, implant biomate- als, medicinal drugs, and biofuels were constructed. businesses were est- lished for or concerned with PHA comparable R&D in addition to huge scale creation. It has turn into transparent that PHA and its comparable applied sciences shape an business worth chain in fermentation, fabrics, feeds, and effort to clinical fields.

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Bacterial density was determined using dilution plating (Reproduced from Kadouri et al. 2002, with kind permission from the American Society for Microbiology) Under certain circumstances, free-living bacterial cells with a high content of PHAs may survive longer than those that lack PHA or have a low PHA content, either because they are protected from adverse factors, or because they can utilize their reserve material longer and more efficiently than those bacteria that produce low contents of PHA or lack this ability at all (Dawes and Senior 1973; Matin et al.

2000).  4 PHA biosynthesis pathways. Numbers representing detailed enzymes (or genes) involved in the PHA synthesis can be obtained from Table 1 6-Hydroxyhexanoate 24 6-Oxohexanoate 25 Hexanedioic acid 26 Adipoyl-CoA 27 23 19 Hexanedioic semialdehyde 28 6-Hydroxyhexanoate Pathway VIII 4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA 17 4-Hydroxybutyrate 16 Succinic semialdehyde 15 Succinyl-CoA TCA cycle Pathway V Plastics Completely Synthesized by Bacteria: Polyhydroxyalkanoates 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 SucD 4hbD OrfZ PhaG FabD PhaJ FabG PhaA PhaB PhaC PhaZ Pathway VII Pathway ChnA VIII ChnB ChnC ChnD ChnE Pathway VI Pathway V Pathway IV Pathway III Pathway II Associated way Pathway I NADH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase 4-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 4-Hydroxybutyrate-CoA:CoA transferase Lactonase, putative Hydroxyacyl-CoA synthase, putative Alcohol dehydrogenase, putative Cyclohexanol dehydrogenase Cyclohexanone monooxygenases Caprolactone hydrolase 6-Hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase 6-Oxohexanoate dehydrogenase Semialdehyde dehydrogenase, putative 6-Hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, putative Hydroxyacyl-CoA synthase, putative b-Ketothiolase NADPH dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase PHA synthase PHA depolymerase Dimer hydrolase (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 3-Ketoacyl-CoA reductase Epimerase (R)-Enoyl-CoA hydratase/enoyl-CoA hydratase I Acyl-CoA oxidase, putative Enoyl-CoA hydratase I, putative 3-Hydroxyacyl-ACP-CoA transferaseMalonylCoA-ACP transacylase Mutants and recombinant of Alcaligenes eutrophus A.

2006) synthesized PHA-containing block copolymers in Cupriavidus necator (also called R. eutropha) using periodic substrate addition. PHB segments Plastics Completely Synthesized by Bacteria: Polyhydroxyalkanoates 25 were formed during fructose utilization. Pulse feeds of pentanoic acid resulted in the synthesis of (R)-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) monomers, forming PHBV random copolymer. A combination of characterization techniques applied to the polymer batches strongly suggests the presence of block copolymers.

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