By Bert Peeters
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Extra resources for Semantic Primes and Universal Grammar: Empirical evidence from the Romance languages (Studies in Language Companion Series)
Example text
There were now 59 proposed primes, six more than in Semantics: Primes and Universals (Wierzbicka 1996), where the number of proposed semantic primes had reached 53. Of these, several were already under investigation (as is often the case during periods of rapid theoretical development) by the time the SLU volume appeared in print. The MUG list (cf. Goddard 2002b: 14) is as follows: Substantives: Determiners: Quantifiers: Evaluators: Descriptors: Mental predicates: Speech: Actions, events, movement: Existence and possession: Life and death: Time: Space: Logical concepts: Intensifier, augmentor: Taxonomy, partonomy: Similarity: i, you, someone, people, something, body this, the same, other one, two, some, all, much / many good, bad big, small think, know, want, feel, see, hear say, words, true do, happen, move there is, have live, die when, now, before, after, a long time, a short time, for some time where, here, above, below, far, near, side, inside not, maybe, can, because, if very, more kind of, part of like The increased reliance on morphologically (though not semantically) transparent phrasemes, even in the English version of the NSM, is noteworthy.
Careful internal analysis is therefore required. For example, the Yankunytjatjara exponent of want, mukuringanyi, has secondary meanings approximating English ‘like, be fond of ’ and ‘need’, so that its range of use does not correspond to that of English want. Similarly, in Spanish, the verb querer means not only want, but also ‘love’ (cf. 2). e. on the basis of different syntactic properties for each meaning) does the equivalence of the primary meanings of want and mukuringanyi become clear. Polysemies involving want are in fact found in many languages.
Quantifiers can participate in a construction designated as the “selective relation”: they have a “selective” option, as in (8). (7) I did the same as you (8) one / two / many of these people / things It must be emphasized that when Wierzbicka claims universality for the various valency options of semantic primes referred to above, she is not claiming that the formal realization of these structures in different languages will be identical. However, formal differences do not necessarily compromise semantic equivalence.
