By B D Tiwari
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Extra info for Sewage Pollution and Microbiology
Sample text
If the limit is exceeded, the contaminated pool, river, or lake usually is closed to swimming. 2 Oxygen-Demanding Wastes The amount of oxygen dissolved in water is a good indicator of water quality and of the kinds of life it will support. Water with an oxygen content above 6 parts per million (ppm) will support game fish and other desirable forms of aquatic life. Water with less than 2 ppm oxygen will support mainly worms, bacteria, fungi. and other detritus feeders and decomposers. Oxygen is added to water by 16 SEW AGE POLLUTION AND MICROBIOLOGY diffusion from the air, especially when turbulence and mixing rates are high, and by photosynthesis of green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
In Florida, one thousand drinking water wells were shut down by state authorities because of excessive levels of toxic chemicals, mostly ethylene dibromide (EDB), a pesticide used to kill nematodes (roundworms) that damage plant roots. 5 million underground chemical storage tanks. Many of these tanks were left behind at abandoned gasoline stations or industrial sites, their exact whereabouts and contents unknown. The EPA estimates that about 42 million 1 (II million gal) of gasoline are lost each year from leaking underground storage tanks (LUST).
The high population densities of cities make this practice unworkable. however. Even major cities of many less-developed countries are often littered with human waste which has been left for rains to wash away or for pigs, dogs, flies, beetles, or other scavengers to consume. This is a major cause of disease, as well as being extremely unpleasant. Studies have shown that a signiticant portion of the airborne dust in Mexico City is actually dried, pulverized human feces. Where intensive agriculture is practiced-especially in wet rice paddy farming in Asia-it has long been customary to collect "night soil" (human and animal waste) to be spread on the fields as fertilizer.
