By Hugh M. Ryan, Gordon R. Jones
An in depth overview of advancements in SF6 switchgear protecting basic houses of SF6, interrupter varieties, features and linked working mechanisms, arc modelling and desktop aided tools for interrupter layout and assessment.
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Example text
1977) and Lee and Frost (1980) is attributed to the formation of such species in the one case but not in the other owing to different operating conditions. For practical applications, the different requirements for puffer interrupters (low sonic velocity with relatively low storage pressure) and for 2-pressure interrupters (gas storage at high pressure) need to be considered. SF6 mixed with CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , He and N 2 make interesting candidates for 2-pressure interrupters. Mixtures of He or C 2 F 6 with low partial pressures of SF6 have no liquefaction problems up to a pressure of 35-5 bar, and have similar recovery properties to SF6 at 22 bar.
Yoshioka and Nakagawa (1980) have investigated the influence of a moving solid contact in throttling the on-load flow through a nozzle. The piston-chamber volume, contact diameter and contact travel speed remained fixed, the 28 Characteristics of SF6 interrupters different throttling effects being produced by varying the diameter and length of the nozzle throat. The smallest degree of throttling, and hence the smallest plenum pressure rise, occurred when the contact diameter was less than that of the nozzle throat, whilst the highest degree of throttling corresponded to the longest length of parallel throat section which led to delayed relief from contact throttling.
On the other hand, if the arc rotation is sufficiently rapid, the arc column may move in its own heated wake after the first revolution and be accelerated owing to a reduction in the drag consequent upon the lower density of the heated wake (Fig. 4g; Kopainsky and Schade, 1979). The electromagnetically induced arc dynamics are further complicated by the point-on-wave contact separation (Turner and Chen, 1985) and by the degree of assymetry of the current waveform. For instance, with two-thirds current assymetry, the rotational velocity of the arc column during the minor loop may be substantially reduced on account of the direction of the driving Lorentz force being reversed in relatively rapid sequence without the opportunity to grow to a magnitude comparable to the symmetric-current-waveform case.
