By Emily Monosson
In Evolution in a poisonous World, Monosson seeks to alter that. She lines the improvement of life's protection systems—the mechanisms that remodel, excrete, and stow away in all likelihood destructive chemicals—from more than three billion years in the past to this day. starting with our earliest ancestors' reaction to ultraviolet radiation, Monosson explores the evolution of chemical defenses corresponding to antioxidants, steel binding proteins, cleansing, and phone death.
As we modify the world's chemistry, those defenses frequently turn into crushed speedier than bodies can adapt. yet learning how our complicated inner safety community presently operates, and the way it got here to be that manner, may well let us expect the way it will react to novel and latest chemical compounds. This figuring out could lead on not to only better administration and preventative measures, yet almost certainly remedy of present ailments. improvement of that wisdom begins with this pioneering book.
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Additional resources for Evolution in a Toxic World: How Life Responds to Chemical Threats
Example text
Rather than getting lost in the antioxidant literature, let’s instead return to the simpler concept of linking a system’s evolutionary history to the modern-day environmental pressures testing that system. Marathon Man Oxidative stress is a common term for damage caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen and the capacity of a cell (or body) for detoxification, whether the result of normal respiration, poor diet, exposure to certain artificial pesticides, or genetic history. 35 Scientists are just now considering the potential risks associated with ROS generation by nanoscale particles, a rapidly expanding industrial sector.
19 Flexible regions are also important for gene regulation—such that UVR-induced damage could be quite detrimental. 20 Ironically, 20 e v o l u t i o n i n a t o x i c w o r l d photolyase belongs to a rare class of enzymes that require sunlight (in this case, blue light ranging from 320 to 500 nm) to undo the sun’s damage. As the photolyase binds to a dimer, the sun’s energy breaks the dimer bond and reverses the damage. 21 So how ancient is DNA photolyase and what of its role today, given humaninduced changes in the stratospheric ozone layer?
Subsequent studies revealed an enlarged ozone hole appearing each spring as far back as the mid1970s, and that the hole was growing. The consequence of ozone depletion? Over half a century of increased terrestrial levels of UVR worldwide, which will likely occur for decades to come. Several years before the ozone hole was discovered, the eventual Nobel Prize winners Frank Rowland and Mario Molina reported that certain halogenated chemicals could cause chlorine to build up in the stratosphere. This accumulation, in the presence of ultraviolet light and cold temperatures, destroys ozone.
