By Michael Pugh, Philip Rushbrook
As towns develop and bring extra waste, figuring out the place the entire waste will pass turns into a public healthiness precedence. even though many towns have reserved dumps for waste, the dumps are open. for this reason, changing those dumps to managed and sanitary landfills is a serious step for shielding public future health and the surroundings. This consultant serves as a pragmatic software for waste managers in center- and lower-income nations to make sluggish advancements within the brief time period via upgrading disposal of wastes at modest fee, whereas nonetheless supplying appropriate degrees of environmental security. within the medium to long-term, the objective may be to accomplish complete sanitary landfilling in addition to accomplished rules and courses to minimize waste iteration and raise recycling while it's economically plausible.
Read or Download Solid Waste Landfills in Middle- and Lower-Income Countries: A Technical Guide to Planning, Design, and Operation (World Bank Technical Paper No 426) PDF
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Extra resources for Solid Waste Landfills in Middle- and Lower-Income Countries: A Technical Guide to Planning, Design, and Operation (World Bank Technical Paper No 426)
Sample text
Landfills where only aerobic decomposition take place create a wholly unacceptable impact on the environment and are the most unacceptable type of landfill operation. Phase II - Anaerobic, Acetogenic Decomposition In most landfills, oxygen is rapidly depleted and the environmental conditions in the waste becomes more chemically reducing. Anaerobic bacterial systems take over. This second phase may last up to several months at well-run sites. During this period carbon dioxide concentrations rise to over 70% by volume and carboxylic acid concentrations also continue to increase.
A poorly chosen site is likely to require unnecessarily high expenditure on waste transport, site development, site operations, or environmental protection. It may also cause long-term political problems from public opposition. To ensure that an appropriate site is identified, a systematic process of selection needs to be followed. The selection criteria are themselves subject to prioritization according to local climatic, political, and cultural circumstances. It is important to obtain sufficient information about possible sites.
3 B. 3 C. 3 D. Single unit " " Multiple, low rise " " Multiple, high rise " " Shop and office wastes low medium high low medium high low medium high The classification must reflect the character of the city and, in some cases it would be necessary to include slums, squatter settlements, and semi-rural areas. The minimum weight of a sample for a group of similar dwellings is about 200 kg; thus the minimum number of dwellings required per group for a daily collection would be about 100, based on the assumed rate of generation above.
