Download e-book for iPad: The International Almanac of Electoral History by Thomas T. Mackie

By Thomas T. Mackie

The foreign Almanac is the one brand new resource for the historical past of election ends up in the Western international from their origins to the current. It offers transparent and authoritative details for 25 diversified nations, ranging alphabetically from Australia to the united states, and geographically throughout 4 continents, together with Japan and new Mediterranean democracies in addition to previous Anglo-American and Scandinavian democracies. each one bankruptcy provides a accomplished checklist of all events that experience contested a number of elections, its vote at every one election and percent percentage of the ballot, and the variety of seats received within the nationwide meeting. the implications were checked from unique resources in additional than 15 languages. the recent version of the Almanac brings election effects brand new and accommodates clean fabrics from ancient learn, whereas preserving the beneficial properties that experience made the quantity the authoritative ebook on elections.

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Download e-book for kindle: The International Almanac of Electoral History by Thomas T. Mackie

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A detailed description of the complex pattern of Austrian election laws under the Habsburgs may be found in Stiefbold and MetzlerAndelberg, 1969: 15-30. The extension of the franchise was followed by the growth of political parties based on the different linguistic groups which made up the Empire. 0 162 Source: Osterreichische Statistik, 1912: 8-10. 0 162 In 1919 various national groups which formed the Habsburg Empire successfully claimed their independence. The predominantly German-speaking provinces established an independent Austrian republic.

In 1945 the first president of the Second Republic, Karl Renner was also elected by parliament so the first direct popular election did not take place until1951. The following have been Presidents of Austria since 1945. President Karl Renner Theodor Korner Adolf Scharf Franz Jonas Rudolf Kirschliiger 1 Period in Office 1945-1951 1951-1957 1957-1965 1965-1974 1974- Party Socialist Socialist Socialist Socialist Non-party1 Non-party foreign minister in a Socialist cabinet elected in 1974 with the support of the Socialist Party.

Jlmunist Party (~ommunistische Partei Osterreichs- KP0) 3 Greater German Peoples Party (Grossdeutsche Volkspartei- GdVP) Land League (Landbund) 4 Carinthian Unity List (Kiirntner Einheitsliste)5 National Socialist German Workers Party (Hitler Movement) (Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Arbeiterpartei: Hitlerbewegung)6 Fatherland Front (Heimatblock) League of Independents (Verband der Unabhlingigen, VdU); sin~ 1956 the Freed~m Party (Freiheitliche Partei Osterreichs- FPO)7 Democratic Progressive Party (Demokratische Fortschrittliche Partei- DFP)8 Elections contested Number contested 1919ff 16 1919ff 1919 1919-1923 16 1 3 1920ff 15 1920-1930 1920-1930 1923 4 4 1 1927-1930 1930 2 1 1949ff 10 1966-1970 2 Comprises several nationalist parties whose elected deputies formed the Grossdeutsche Partei.

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