By Brennan Center Task Force on Voting Security, Lawrence D. Norden, Eric L. Lazarus
The Brennan middle at NYU convened a high-level activity strength of vote casting specialists from executive, academia, and company to systematically study a number of threats to balloting applied sciences which are customary around the state at the present time. This booklet deals particular treatments and countermeasures to spot and safeguard democratic elections from frequent fraud and sabotage.
Read or Download The Machinery Of Democracy Protecting Elections In An Electronic World PDF
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Extra resources for The Machinery Of Democracy Protecting Elections In An Electronic World
Sample text
83 ■ The attack program could be written into the vendor code by a team member at the vendor. , Memory Card, Smart Card, Printer) COTS SOFTWARE UPDATES/ PATCHES A cryptic knock is an action taken by a user of the machine that triggers a response by the embedded attack program. The cryptic knock could come in different forms depending on the attack program: voting for a write-in candidate, tapping a specific spot on the touch-screen, a communication via wireless network, etc. ELECTION DAY Not Subject to ITA Inspection CRYPTIC KNOCKS Activate VOTING Only MACHINE CONTRACTORS/ SUBCONTRACTORS NETWORK WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS S O F T WA R E AT TA C K S O N V O T I N G M A C H I N E S ■ The attack program could be hidden within the operating system using rootkit-like techniques, or perhaps a commercial rootkit for the underlying operating system.
Under these circumstances, the compiler could take harmless human-readable source code and S O F T WA R E AT TA C K S O N V O T I N G M A C H I N E S turn it into malicious binary code without any inspector being the wiser. As a compiler is generally COTS software, it would not be inspected by the ITAs. In any event, the attacker could hide the attack program in the compiler by adding one level of complexity to her attack: make the compiler misread not only the seemingly innocuous vendor source code (which would be converted into malicious binary code), but also the seemingly innocuous compiler source code (which would also be converted into malicious binary code, for the purpose of misreading the vendor source code).
The Insertion of Corrupt Software Into Machines Prior to Election Day. This is an attack on the voting machine itself, and it occurs before the voting machine even reaches the polling place. Someone with access to voting machines, software, software updates, or devices inserted into voting machines (such as printers or memory cards) introduces corrupt software (such as an Attack Program) that forces the machine to malfunction in some way. We can see by looking at the chart that there are several points of attack that exist before a machine reaches the polling place.
