By Ernest C. Pollard (Auth.)
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Extra resources for The Physics of Viruses
Example text
The first concerns the regular atomic arrangements inside each virus particle. The second concerns the size of each particle, which appears as a repetitive diffracting distance. The third concerns the space between viruses, which may be a very regularly repeating value. All three types of diffraction have been observed. The first two are of use in describing particle size and shape and will be treated here. The inter virus spacing is of more interest later on and will be deferred until then. Diffraction arises from phase-related scattering.
The X-rays are filtered through a nickel-cobalt filter and accurately collimated with SIZE, S H A P E , AND HYDRATION OF V I R U S E S 59 fine slits. The scattered beam is observed through two slits which can be rotated around the scatterer. The whole equipment is about 6 ft in dimensions. Two theoretical features of the experiment need to be considered. 28) ™ In this expression, N is the total number of particles irradiated, n is the number of electrons per particle, R is the "radius of gyration"* of the electrons in the particle, λ is the X-ray wavelength, and Ie is the normal scattering by a free electron.
9 X 108 A3, and the "molecular weight" is 490,000,000. 17 is relatively low and implies a high degree of hydration, which may partly account for the virus instability. The value of the above studies lies mostly in the fact that the correlation between the objects seen in the electron micrographs and the rate of sedimentation of infectivity is very good, so that it can be concluded that the electron microscope observations are not merely of plant debris. The electron microscopy thus acquires added strength, and a further proposal that possibly the virus particles are more ellipsoidal in character can be made.
