By Julian D. Richards
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Additional resources for Viking Age England
Sample text
These finds have often been interpreted as evidence of Viking battle losses, with Viking warriors storming London, for instance, being dumped in the river along with all their armour, weapons and tools. This seems unlikely. A find from Skerne (East Yorkshire) perhaps reveals the true nature of these deposits (Dent 1984). At Skerne a number of animal skeletons and Viking metalwork have been found closely associated with the oak piles of a bridge abutment or jetty. In total there were at least 20 animals, including horses, cattle, sheep and dogs.
What was the Scandinavian influence on the formation of the English state? Secondly, we shall take up the question of Scandinavian and native interaction. What was the native response to Scandinavians in the areas settled? What was it about the Scandinavian character that meant that in some areas, such as the Danelaw, they disappeared, fusing with the local traditions; whilst in others, such as the Isle of Man, they preserved a distinctive culture. How did they adapt, both economically, and in social and religious terms, to local circumstances?
Most of the population lived in the countryside, where the mixed-farming economy would have been familiar to Viking settlers. In the lowland zone of southern and eastern England, towns were already emerging before the Viking Age. London and York acted as centres of royal and ecclesiastical administration, as well as of trade and industry. A special class of trading ports, or wics, such as Hamwic (Southampton) and Ipswich played an important role in foreign trade. Most people lived and worked in wooden buildings; stone was reserved for churches.
