By M. Kuenzi
This booklet examines the function of nonformal schooling (NFE) in African languages in selling democracy in Senegal. utilizing facts from a survey of rural Senegalese electorate, this is often the 1st research to empirically try the consequences of NFE on political participation and attitudes. The effects point out that NFE stimulates group and political participation and appears to have a more robust influence on participation than formal education. either NFE and formal schooling elevate the possibility that folks will embody democratic, tolerant attitudes. hence, NFE can be a powerful strength within the promoting of civic orientations within the rising democracies.
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Sample text
Senegal actually ranks higher on HDI than six of the nine other Sahelian countries. Indeed, Niger occupies that last rank on HDI. Although Senegal may be better off than many of the other Sahelian countries, when viewed from a global perspective, Senegal is far from being an affluent country. Around 95 percent of the Senegalese population is Muslim, and most Senegalese belong to either one of two Sufi orders2 —the Muridiyya or the Tijaniyya—which are headed by prominent marabouts. Marabouts are Sufi spiritual leaders or shaykhs.
The effect of NFE on social trust is likely to be complex. On the one hand, a sense of “we-ness” is usually created within NFE classes. On the other hand, the critical thinking skills introduced by NFE are likely to make people more aware of themselves and their own interests and question some the vertically imposed obligations to which they have been subject. 28 On the other hand, I expect both types of education to have a positive relationship with individualization. According to modernization theory, ethnic identity becomes “a relic of the past” once a society achieves a certain level of modernization.
The effects of both nonformal and formal education on tolerance and support for democratic values are likely to be somewhat contradictory given the findings of different studies on these subjects noted earlier. indd 22 3/17/2011 3:29:35 PM Introduction and Theory ● 23 without NFE. The effect of NFE on social trust is likely to be complex. On the one hand, a sense of “we-ness” is usually created within NFE classes. On the other hand, the critical thinking skills introduced by NFE are likely to make people more aware of themselves and their own interests and question some the vertically imposed obligations to which they have been subject.
