By Dick Leonard, Roger Mortimore
How do British elections paintings? Dick Leonard, a political journalist and previous MP, and Roger Mortimore, an opinion pollster, disguise all elements of British elections during this up-to-date version of the normal paintings, together with accomplished tables of information and effects.
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Extra info for Elections in Britain: A Voter's Guide
Sample text
Parliamentary Party Of these three elements, it is the Parliamentary Party which is dominant in each case. This is explicitly recognised in the Conservative Party, in which 39 40 Elections in Britain a strong Parliamentary group existed long before either a bureaucracy or a mass membership organisation was formed. The latter were set up in the mid-nineteenth century specifically to provide support for the Parliamentary Party and to ensure the continued election of Conservative MPs. In the Labour Party, the mass organisation was set up first, and in the early days of the twentieth century when there were only a few Labour MPs, they were clearly subordinate to the extra-Parliamentary organisation of the party.
In the Labour and Liberal Democrat parties it has always been responsible to the elected representatives of the mass membership. Because many of these elected representatives are also Members of Parliament, the Parliamentary Party exercises a considerable indirect influence over the bureaucracy, and clashes of interest are rare. In each case, the party bureaucracy consists of a national headquarters and a series of regional offices throughout the country, including separate and theoretically fully autonomous parties in Scotland, and, except for the Conservatives, in Wales; all the party headquarters are based in London, though Labour has moved around 50 of its staff to North Shields in Tyneside.
5 per cent. For some comparative purposes it may be more useful to exclude the votes obtained by third parties and only reckon the votes obtained by the two largest parties in calculating swing. This is known as ‘two-party swing’ or ‘Steed swing’, after Michael Steed who first developed this concept. 6. Note that in the case of two-party swing, one party’s gain is always equal to the other party’s loss, and that this is the net swing. Unless otherwise stated, all swing figures given subsequently in this book will be normal (‘Butler’) swing.
