By Claire Gwen Jones
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Example text
The arguments over the tripos at the end of century paralleled these earlier debates and also marked the beginning of an inversion of the issues that created antagonism between pure mathematics and applied, con- The ‘Glamour’ of a ‘Wrangler’ 31 structing each in opposition to the other. It will be argued in Chapter 2 that the association of romanticism with abstract mathematics was a late nineteenth century phenomenon which inverted earlier hierarchies. When a new style of continental analysis was introduced to Cambridge around 1900, its supporters derived this new mathematics’ legitimacy and moral currency from its irrelevance to the real world and from the fact that, like Art, it was the product of ‘great minds’.
J. H. 89 It is suggestive of the power of gender stereotypes that failure to stand up to the rigours of the tripos or competitive sport could be interpreted as a sign of intellectual strength among male mathematicians, while for women a purported lack of physical stamina was interpreted as symbolic of precisely the opposite. Both Hertha and Grace experienced bouts of ill health and headaches while students; by the end of the nineteenth century women were constantly defined by their reproductive bodies and for university women, singled out for their minds, there was a special tension that conflicted the requirements of rationality and femininity.
Despite this, there is little evidence to suggest a culture of mathematics accessible to women at Paris to rival that available to them in Germany. Germany For access to creative research mathematics at the end of the nineteenth century, a preferred destination for ambitious mathematicians of both sexes was Germany. 15 Americans were the largest contingent, but British and Russian mathematicians also took advantage of the opportunities available to women with perseverance enough to make their claim.