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Example text
The changes we describe in later chapters are sufficiently robust to appear whatever method one uses). 5 Distribution of students’ characteristics between schools School Disadvantaged Advantaged Total School 1 School 2 ... School n Total A1 A2 ... An A B1 B2 ... Bn A C1 C2 ... Cn C What is social segregation? 37 problems we have encountered with many other recognised indices, especially the dissimilarity index (D), are described in the Appendix. Once its calculation has been understood, S can be seen to be precisely what is meant by the term ‘segregation’ in this context.
Popular schools would be over-subscribed and in the allocation of their contested places may, at least inadvertently, show preference to students likely to boost their raw-scores. , 1994; Bourdieu, 1997), and much academic writing is based on the social science ‘fact’ that markets in education have an increasingly stratifying impact on the makeup of schools (Conway, 1997). It has been suggested that the market will inevitably lead to selection by ability and social class (Glennerster 1991). Waslander and Thrupp (1995: 21) state that ‘those endowed with material and cultural capital will simply add to their existing advantages through choice policies’.
Thus, we should allow parents more choice, and schools more selection. This is argued to be meritocratic since it would, in principle, allow everyone the same advantages as the existing private sector (Pollard, 1995). This is particularly important for education, for while the National Health Service has traditionally drawn the public and the private provision together, state education policy has traditionally enforced a rigid separation of the two. Only a ‘super class’, plus some professionals, use private schools and thus opt out of the state system altogether (Adonis and Pollard, 1998).
