By Rosie Serdiville
Within the autumn of 1644 used to be fought the most sustained and determined sieges of the 1st Civil warfare whilst Scottish Covenanter forces less than the Earl of Leven eventually stormed Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the King's maximum bastion within the north-east and the foremost to his strength there. town were resolutely defended all year long through the Marquis of Newcastle, who had defied either the Covenanters and Northern Read more...
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Extra resources for The Great Siege of Newcastle, 1644
Sample text
The executive power rested in a Committee of the Three Estates and the Kirk (the dominant reformed church in Scotland) ably championed by Argyll, took effective control. Allegedly at the head of 20,000 foot with 2,500 horse*, Alexander Leslie, who had won renown as the defender of Stralsund in the Thirty Years’ War, splashed across the Tweed on 20 August 1640. A scratch Royalist force at Newburn on the Tyne, under Lord Conway, sought to bar his passage south. The English could field no more than 3,500 foot, mainly musketeers and perhaps a couple of thousand horse.
Moved that the town undertake the work of the Shieldfield fort as a testimony of their love and respect for Parliament for funds vouchsafed to the corporation. Ordered that all the earth and sod work to be done by the burgesses at their cost … To be drawn up and entered at the next Common Council29. With the emergence of a new mercantile haute-bourgeois elite in the sixteenth century the walls, intended purely for defence became a symbol of civic identity and pride: ‘The key to the continuing importance of the medieval walls was their importance in maintaining civic identity through the embodiment of a legitimacy granted to the town as a corporate body’30.
As John Mabbitt observes, it had been customary for townsfolk to fund the maintenance of their defences and the mural towers studding Newcastle’s ramparts bore the names of individual guilds (see below), this is at least in part confirmed by Gray in his Chorographia28. Labour, willing or conscripted, was supplied by local residents and artisans and used to raise such outworks as the sconce known as the Shieldfield Fort: Thomas Wouldhave appointed overseer of the works. Any who refused to come to pay 8d per day.
