By Vicky Randall (auth.)
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Extra resources for Women and Politics: An International Perspective
Example text
Although her discussion of the role of biology tacitly acknowledges the issue to be more complex than she allows, she argues that there is insufficient evidence that women's oppression originated in biology, that biological differences between the sexes are probably irrelevant to male dominance today and that to emphasise them plays into men's hands (Millett, 1972). But other feminists, particularly radical feminists, accord biology much more weight. A pioneering analysis that locates male dominance in the biological differences between men and women is provided by Shulamith Firestone in the Dialectic of Sex.
At the same time, Marxist feminists have asked how far and in what ways male dominance is necessary to different modes of production, most particularly to advanced capitalism. As we have seen, Marx and Engels believed that the development of capitalism, by expanding the property-less proletariat and drawing women back into the public workforce, would begin to undermine sex inequality. It was only socialism, by finally eliminating private property and making possible the collectivisation of child care and other formerly domestic functions, that could eliminate it.
However, the 'biological' nuclear family, still crucial to the reproduction of capitalism, has inherited and given a new twist to the Oedipal syndrome, simultaneously driving it deeper and fuelling it: 'the mother and sister or father and brother you sensually cannot have are also the only people you are supposed to love' (Mitchell, 1974, p. 378). Rubin's argument is similar, but as an anthropologist she warns against too literal an interpretation of the concept of the exchange of women. In many primitive societies such a transaction is either only implicit or scarcely discernible.
